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Low Noise, Low Power
X9015
Digitally-Controlled Potentiometer
FEATURES * * * * * * * 32 Taps Three-wire Up/Down Serial Interface VCC = 2.7V & 5V Operating ICC = 50A Max. Standby current = 1A Max. RTOTAL = 50K Packages, SOIC-8 DESCRIPTION The Xicor X9015 is a 32 tap potentiometer that is volatile. The device consists of a string of 31 resistors that can be programmed to connect the RW/VW wiper output with any of the nodes between the connecting resistors. The connection point of the wiper is determined by information communicated to the device on the 3-wire port. The 3-wire port changes the tap position by a falling edge on the increment pin. Direction the wiper moves is determined by the state of the Up/Down pin. The wiper position at power up is tap #15. The X9015 can be used in a wide variety of applications that require a digitally controlled variable resistor to set analog values.
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS
VCC (Supply Voltage)
U/D INC CS
5-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER
31 30 29 28 ONE OF THIRTY TWO DECODER
RH/VH
UP/DOWN (U/D) INCREMENT (INC) DEVICE SELECT (CS) CONTROL
RH/VH
RW/VW
TRANSFER GATES
RL/VL 2 VSS (Ground) GENERAL VCC VSS CONTR OL CIRCUITRY 1 0
RESISTOR ARRAY
RL/VL RW/VW DETAILED
9900-2009.3 9/20/99 PS
1
Characteristics subject to change without notice
X9015
PIN DESCRIPTIONS RH/VH and RL/VL The high (RH/VH) and low (RL/VL) terminals of the X9015 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is VSS and the maximum is VCC. The terminology of RL/VL and RH/VH references the relative position of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential on the terminal. RW/VW RW/Vw is the wiper terminal and is equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The position of the wiper within the array is determined by the control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is typically 200 at VCC = 5V. At power up the wiper position is at tap #15 (VL/RL = tap #0). Up/Down (U/D) The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the tap postion is incremented or decremented. Increment (INC) The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC will move the wiper and either increment or decrement the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the U/D input. Chip Select (CS) The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. When CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is LOW the X9015 will be placed in the low power standby mode until the device is selected once again. PIN CONFIGURATION
SOIC INC U/D RH/VH VSS 1 2 3 4 X9015 8 7 6 5 VCC CS RL/VL RW/VW
PIN NAMES Symbol
RH/VH RW/VW RL/VL VSS VCC U/D INC CS
Description
High Terminal Wiper Terminal Low Terminal Ground Supply Voltage Up/Down Control Input Increment Control Input Chip Select Control Input
2
X9015
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION There are two sections of the X9015: the input control, counter and decode section; and the resistor array. The input control section operates just like an up/down counter. The output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. The resistor array is comprised of 31 individual resistors connected in series. The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around when clocked to either extreme. The electronic switches on the device operate in a "make before break" mode when the wiper changes tap positions. If the wiper is moved several positions, multiple taps are connected to the wiper for tIW (INC to VW change). The RTOTAL value for the device can temporarily be reduced by a significant amount if the wiper is moved several positions. When the device is powered-down, the wiper position is lost. When power is restored, the wiper is set to tap #15. INSTRUCTIONS AND PROGRAMMING The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the device is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will increment or decrement (depending on the state of the U/D input) a five bit counter. The output of this counter is decoded to select one of thirty two wiper positions along the resistive array. The system may select the X9015, move the wiper and deselect the device. The new wiper position will be maintained until changed by the system or until a powerup/down cycle. The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains LOW. This allows the host system to enable the device and then move the wiper up and down until the proper trim is attained. MODE SELECTION CS
L L H X L
INC
U/D
H L X X Wiper Up
Mode
Wiper Down Standby Current Return to standby
SYMBOL TABLE
WAVEFORM INPUTS Must be steady May change from Low to High May change from High to Low Don't Care: Changes Allowed N/A OUTPUTS Will be steady Will change from Low to High Will change from High to Low Changing: State Not Known Center Line is High Impedance
3
X9015
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Temperature under Bias .........................-65C to +135C Storage Temperature..............................-65C to +150C Voltage on CS, INC, U/D, VH, VL and VCC with Respect to VSS.................................. -1V to +7V V = |VH-VL| ................................................................. 5V Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 seconds)............. 300C *COMMENT Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Temperature
Commercial Industrial
Min.
0C -40C
Max.
+70C +85C
Supply Voltage (VCC)
X9015 X9015-2.7
Limits
5V 10% 2.7V to 5.5V
POTENTIOMETER CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise stated.) Limits Symbol
RTOTAL VVH VVL
Parameter
End to End Resistance Variation VH Terminal Voltage VL Terminal Voltage Power Rating
Min.
-20 0 0
Typ.
Max.
+20 VCC VCC 10
Units
% V V mW mA dBV %
Test Conditions/Notes
RTOTAL 50K IW = 1mA, VCC = 5V IW = 1mA, VCC = 2.7V
RW RW IW
Wiper Resistance Wiper Resistance Wiper Current Noise Resolution Absolute Linearity
(1)
200 400
400 1000 1
-120 3 -1 -0.2 300 20 10/10/25 +1 +0.2
Ref: 1kHz Vw(n)(actual) - Vw(n)(expected) Vw(n+1) - [Vw(n)+MI]
MI(3) MI(3) ppm/C ppm/C pF
Relative Linearity(2) RTOTAL Temperature Coefficient Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient CH/CL/CW
Notes:
Potentiometer Capacitances
See circuit #3
(1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage = (Vw(n)(actual) - Vw(n)(expected)) = 1 Ml Maximum. (2) Relative Linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = VW(n+1) - [Vw(n) + Ml] = 0.2 Ml. (3) 1 Ml = Minimum Increment = RTOT/31. (4) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
4
X9015
D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.) Limits Symbol
ICC1 ISB ILI VIH VIL CIN(5)
Parameter
VCC Active Current (Increment) Standby Supply Current CS, INC, U/D Input Leakage Current CS, INC, U/D Input HIGH Voltage CS, INC, U/D Input LOW Voltage CS, INC, U/D Input Capacitance
Min.
Typ.(4)
Max.
50 1 10
Units
A A A V V pF
Test Conditions
CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = 0.4V @ max. tCYC CS = VCC - 0.3V, U/D and INC = VSS or VCC - 0.3V VIN = VSS to VCC
VCC x 0.7 -0.5
VCC + 0.5 VCC x 0.1 10
VCC = 5V, VIN = VSS, TA = 25C, f = 1MHz
Test Circuit #1
Test Circuit #2
VH/RH TEST POINT
Circuit #3 SPICE Macromodel
RTOTAL RH CH CW 25pF 10pF RW CL 10pF RL
VH/RH
VS
TEST POINT VW/RW VL/RL VL /RL L
VW VW/RW FORCE CURRENT
5
X9015
A.C. CONDITIONS OF TEST
Input Pulse Levels Input Rise and Fall Times Input Reference Levels 0V to 3V 10ns 1.5V
A.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified) Limits Symbol
tCl tlD tDI tlL tlH tlC tCPH tIW tCYC tR, tF(7) tPU(7) tR VCC(7) CS to INC Setup INC HIGH to U/D Change U/D to INC Setup INC LOW Period INC HIGH Period INC Inactive to CS Inactive CS Deselect Time INC to Vw Change INC Cycle Time INC Input Rise and Fall Time Power up to Wiper Stable VCC Power-up Rate 0.2 4 500 5 50
Parameter
Min.
100 100 2.9 1 1 1 100
Typ.(6)
Max.
Units
ns ns s s s s ns
1
5
s s s s V/ms
A.C. TIMING
CS tCYC tCI INC tID tDI tF tIL tIH tIC (Stand by) tCPH 90% 90% 10% tR
U/D tIW VW MI (8)
Notes: (6) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (7) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. (8) MI in the A.C. timing diagram refers to the minimum incremental change in the VW output due to a change in the wiper position.
6
X9015
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) TYPICAL NOISE
0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 Noise (dB) -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 Frequency (KHz)
TYPICAL RTOTAL vs. TEMPERATURE
10000 9800 9600 9400 9200 Rtotal 9000 8800 8600 8400 8200 8000 -55 -45 -35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 35 45 25 Temperature 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 C
TYPICAL TOTAL RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
0
-50
-100
-150 PPM -200
-250
-300
-350 -55
-45
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25 35 45 Temperature
55
65
75
85
95
105
115
125
C
7
X9015
TYPICAL WIPER RESISTANCE
800 700
600 500 Rw (Ohms)
400 300
200 100
0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Tap 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 VCC = 2.7V
TYPICAL ABSOLUTE % ERROR PER TAP POSITION
40.0% 30.0% 20.0% Absolute % Error 10.0% 0.0% -10.0% -20.0% -30.0% -40.0% 0 3 6 9 12 15 Tap 18 21 24 27 30
TYPICAL RELATIVE % ERROR PER TAP POSITION
20.0% 15.0% 10.0% Relative % Error 5.0% 0.0% -5.0% -10.0% -15.0% -20.0% 0 3 6 9 12 15 Tap 18 21 24 27 30
8
X9015
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Electronic digitally-controlled (XDCP) potentiometers provide two powerful application advantages; (1) the variability and reliability of a solid-state potentiometer, and (2) the flexibility of computer-based digital controls. Basic Configurations of Electronic Potentiometers
VR VH VW VL I Three terminal potentiometer; variable voltage divider Two terminal variable resistor; variable current VR
Basic Circuits Buffered Reference Voltage
R1 +V +5V VREF VW + - -5V VOUT = VW (a) (b) OP-07 VOUT +V R1 VW VO = (1+R2/R1)VS VW X
Cascading Techniques
+V +V
Noninverting Amplifier
+5V VS + - -5V R2 LM308A VO
Voltage Regulator
Offset Voltage Adjustment
R1 VS 100K - + VO TL072 10K 10K 10K -12V R2
Comparator with Hysterisis
VIN
317 R1
VO (REG)
VS
LT311A
- + VO
Iadj R2
VO (REG) = 1.25V (1+R2/R1)+Iadj R2 +12V
VUL = {R1/(R1+R2)} VO(max) VLL = {R1/(R1+R2)} VO(min)
(for additional circuits see AN115) 9
}
R1
}
R2
X9015
SOIC PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-LEAD PLASTIC SMALL OUTLINE GULL WING PACKAGE TYPE S
0.150 (3.80) 0.158 (4.00) PIN 1 INDEX
0.228 (5.80) 0.244 (6.20)
PIN 1
0.014 (0.35) 0.019 (0.49)
0.188 (4.78) 0.197 (5.00)
(4X) 7
0.053 (1.35) 0.069 (1.75)
0.050 (1.27)
0.004 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25)
0.010 (0.25) 0.020 (0.50) X 45
0.050" TYPICAL
0 - 8 0.0075 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.410) 0.037 (0.937) 0.250"
0.050" TYPICAL
FOOTPRINT
0.030" TYPICAL 8 PLACES
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
10
X9015
ORDERING INFORMATION X9015 X X X X VCC Limits Blank = 5V 10% -2.7 = 2.7V to 5.5V Temperature Range Blank = Commercial = 0C to +70C I = Industrial = -40C to +85C Package S = 8-Lead SOIC
End to End Resistance U = 50K
Physical Characteristics Marking Includes Manufacturer's Trademark Resistance Value or Code Date Code
LIMITED WARRANTY Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, licenses are implied. U.S. PATENTS Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,263,664; 4,274,012; 4,300,212; 4,314,265; 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829, 482; 4,874, 967; 4,883, 976. Foreign patents and additional patents pending. LIFE RELATED POLICY In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurence. Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems. 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. 11

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